Indianapolis, known colloquially as Indy, is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. In 1818, the Delaware renounced their tribal lands in the Treaty of St. In 1821, Indianapolis was founded as a planned city for the new seat of Indiana's state government. The city was placed by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham on a 1 square mile (2.6 km) grid along the White River.
The completion of National and Michigan highways and the arrival of the railroad later consolidated the city's position as a manufacturing and transportation hub. Two of the city's nicknames reflect its historic links to transportation: Crossroads of America and Railroad City. Since the city-county consolidation of 1970, known as Unigov, the local government administration operates under the direction of an elected 25-member city-county council headed by the mayor. The Central Indiana Regional Transportation Authority (CIRTA) is a quasi-government agency that organizes regional auto and truck groups and operates three public workforce connections from Indianapolis to employment centers in Plainfield and Whitestown.
Other private and non-profit healthcare networks with a presence in the city include Ascension (St. Vincent Indianapolis Hospital); Franciscan Health (Franciscan Health Indianapolis); and Community Health Network (Community Hospital East, Community Hospital North and Community Hospital South). Our editors will review what you submitted and determine if they review the article. Indianapolis, city, seat (182) of Marion County and capital of Indiana, USA.
It is located on the White River, at its confluence with Fall Creek, near the center of the state. The city is built on a flat plain surrounded by low, gently sloping hills. It is a planned municipality, its distribution resembles that of Washington, D, C. The climate is typical of the central-eastern Midwest, with warm to hot summers and cold winters; rainfall is moderate and fairly evenly distributed throughout the year.
Beginning in the 1880s, the meat and metallurgical industry emerged as the main industries. The latter led to the development of automobile manufacturing as a central element of the city's economy. The population of Indianapolis surpassed 100,000 in 1890 and continued to grow rapidly into the 20th century. The city was also a center of labor organization in the late 19th century, and several influential unions, including the Union of Carpenters and Carpenters, the International Typographic Union and the United Mine Workers of America, located their headquarters there.
The Indianapolis circuit opened in 1909 on the suburban circuit as a test track for local car plants. The first 500-mile (800 km) car race, held there in 1911, was won by a locally manufactured Marmon racing car. Although automobile manufacturing eventually left the city, the Indianapolis 500 (held annually in late May on the weekend before Memorial Day) has become one of the world's leading auto races, drawing huge crowds. Indianapolis is one of the most populous cities in the world that is not found in navigable waters, although it is a hub for road, rail and air transport.
These facilities and the city's position in the middle of the Corn Belt, close to large coal fields and consumer markets, have combined to make it a major commercial, financial and industrial center. Pharmaceutical and chemical products, machinery, plastics, wood and paper, transport and electrical equipment (including televisions and audio equipment) are main products. It is also a regional hub for distribution, retail and healthcare, and tourism has grown in importance. Beginning in the 1970s, Indianapolis worked to become an international center for amateur sports, an effort that produced considerable economic growth.
In addition to the NCAA, the city attracted organizations such as the National Institute for Fitness and Sport, a sports physiology research center. Other amateur venues include the Indianapolis Tennis Center (197) and Major Taylor Velodrome (198), a bicycle racing track. Lucas Oil Stadium (200) is home to the Colts professional football team, and Bankers Life Fieldhouse (1999; formerly Conseco Fieldhouse) hosts the Pacers (men's) and Fever (women's) professional basketball teams. The Indiana State Fairgrounds, with more than 55 permanent buildings, including the Art Deco Pepsi Coliseum (193), is a focus of commercial and social activities.
The annual state fair (August) draws big crowds, as does the Indiana Black Expo summer celebration (July) and the Indy JazzFest (June). President Benjamin Harrison (187) and poet James Whitcomb Riley (187) have been preserved as museums. Other prominent residents of the city include Charles Warren Fairbanks (vice president of Theodore Roosevelt), authors Booth Tarkington and Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. Today, Indiana's economy is primarily based on services, manufacturing and, to a much lesser extent, agriculture.
Its northern areas are in the mainstream of the industrial belt that stretches from Pennsylvania and New York to Illinois. Agricultural activity is most intense in the central region, which is located in the Corn Belt, which stretches from Ohio to Nebraska. Although Indiana is historically part of the North, many parts of the state show a very similar character to that of the South. This is largely a reflection of the early settlement of the region by migrants from the south, who brought with them a sincere distrust of the federal government.
Many Indians pride themselves on a self-image derived in much of the 19th-century United States that values hard work, is oriented towards small towns and medium-sized cities, and is interested in maintaining the prerogatives of local self-determination. It is no coincidence that the nickname of the Indian, Hoosier, remains a symbol in the country's tradition of a kind of homemade wisdom, ingenuity and folkness that date back to what is popularly considered a less hasty and less complicated period of history. Indiana is part of the central-eastern lowlands that descend from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River. Most of the state's surface was modified by the action of glaciers, leaving a lot of excellent soil material and extensive deposits of sand, gravel, glacial tillage and loess.
The more eroded southern part of the state gives way to the central plain, an extremely fertile agricultural belt with large farms, and then to the mostly flat glacial lakes and moraines (rocky glacial debris) basin region of northern Indiana. The highest elevation is near the Ohio border, about 1,250 feet (380 meters) above sea level, while the lowest point, about 330 feet (100 meters), is in the southwest, where the Wabash River flows into the Ohio River. About 90 percent of the land is between 500 and 1000 feet (150 and 300 meters). A high percentage of wooded land is privately owned, mainly by farmers.
Among the dramatic features of the landscape are the sand dunes of the Indiana dunes along Lake Michigan, most of which have been removed from the public domain by industry and private households. This situation was somewhat resolved with the dedication in 1972 of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. One of the most picturesque parts of the state is the mountainous south-central region around Brown County. Indiana has four distinct seasons and a mild climate, usually escaping extremes of cold and heat.
In January, daily temperatures in Jeffersonville, on the Ohio River in the south, generally rise from 20° F (about -6° C) to 40° F (about 4° C), while in South Bend, near Lake Michigan in the north, temperatures typically range from mid-10° F (about -9° C) to 30° F (about -1° C). In July, temperatures in both the north and south typically fall in the mid-60° F (about 17° C) and rise daily to 80° F (28 to 32° C) from mid to higher. Annual rainfall varies from about 45 inches (1,150 mm) in the south-central region to about 37 inches (940 mm) in the north. Snow can fall over a six-month period and averages more than 20 inches (510 mm) per year, and cities along the northern border often report more than 100 inches (2540 mm).
The climate of northwest Indiana is greatly modified by its presence in the leeward of Lake Michigan. The cold air that passes over the warmer waters of the lake in autumn (from October to December) and winter (from January to March) induces heavy rainfall, and snowfall in winter especially is several times greater than in other parts of the state. In addition, average daily temperatures are warmer in autumn and colder in spring (from April to June) as a result of this “lake effect”. Indiana is part of a belt of Midwestern states with an unusually high frequency of severe storms.
Spring, with generally erratic and unstable weather, is the season with the highest number of tornadoes. Indianapolis is the capital and largest city in the state of Indiana, which is located in the eastern half of the United States. Indy is close to many big American cities. Chicago, for example, is only three hours away by car or bus.
In northwest Indiana there are several ridges and sand dunes, some of which reach nearly 200 feet in height; most of them are found in Indiana Dunes National Park. Two state-supported residential schools located in the city are the Indiana School for the Blind and Visually Impaired and the Indiana School for the Deaf. The other three independent state universities are Vincennes University (founded in 1801 by the Indiana Territory), Ball State University (191) and Southern Indiana University (1965 as ISU — Evansville). While Indiana has committed to increasing the use of renewable resources such as wind, hydro, biomass or solar energy, progress has been very slow, mainly due to the continued abundance of coal in southern Indiana.
The governor of Indiana serves as the executive director of the state and has the authority to administer government as set forth in the Indiana Constitution. Two museums and several memorials in the city commemorate the armed forces or conflict, including the Colonel Eli Lilly Civil War Museum and the Indiana World War Memorial Military Museum in Indiana World War Memorial Plaza. Most of Indianapolis is within Indiana's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat André Carson, while the fifth north is part of Indiana's 5th congressional district, represented by Republican Victoria Spartz. The largest educational institution is Indiana University, whose flagship campus was approved as an Indiana Seminary in 1820.
Indiana was the first Western state to mobilize for the United States in the war, and Indiana's soldiers participated in every major clash of the war. Indianapolis is also a center for academic research in medicine and health sciences, home to institutions such as the Indiana Bioscience Research Institute, the Indiana University School of Medicine, the School of Nursing and the School of Dentistry; the College of Osteopathic Medicine at Marian University and the American College of Sports Medicine. Later, ownership of the claim was transferred to Indiana Land Company, the first recorded use of the word Indiana. On January 11, 1820, the Indiana General Assembly authorized a committee to select a site in central Indiana for the new state capital, appointing Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham to study and design a city plan for Indianapolis.
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