State in the Midwest of the United States. It is the 38th largest by area and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the nineteenth state on December 11, 1816. Like other Midwestern states, Indiana has a very long archaeological record.
Native peoples lived in the Midwest for more than 15,000 years, covering many important cultural changes. In the 1000s, as in neighboring Kentucky, Indiana was home to the Mississippian and Fort Ancient cultures. The most famous local nations were Chickasaw, Lenape, Wyandot, Cherokee and Shawnee. Article XIII of the Indiana Constitution of 1851, which sought to exclude African Americans from settling in the state, was invalidated when the Supreme Court of Indiana ruled in 1866 that it violated the newly approved Thirteenth Amendment to the U.
Renewable resources such as wind, hydro, biomass or solar energy, the Progress has been very slow, mainly due to the continued abundance of coal in southern Indiana. The formal use of the word Indiana dates back to 1768, when a commercial company based in Philadelphia gave its land claim in the present-day state of West Virginia the name Indiana after its previous owners, the Iroquois. While northern Indiana was covered by glaciers, southern Indiana remained unaffected by the advancing ice, leaving plants and animals that could sustain human communities. Later, ownership of the claim was transferred to Indiana Land Company, the first recorded use of the word Indiana.
The largest educational institution is Indiana University, whose flagship campus was approved as an Indiana Seminary in 1820. The Indiana Territory was organized on May 7, 1800, from the western part of the Northwest Territory; it included all of present-day Illinois, almost all of Indiana and Wisconsin, the western part of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and northeastern Minnesota. The other three independent state universities are Vincennes University (founded in 1801 by the Indiana Territory), Ball State University (191) and Southern Indiana University (1965 as ISU — Evansville). As the territory of Indiana grew in population and development, it was divided in 1805 and again in 1809 until, reduced to its current size and boundaries, it retained the name of Indiana and was admitted to the Union in 1816 as the nineteenth state.
The governor of Indiana serves as the executive director of the state and has the authority to administer government as set forth in the Indiana Constitution. Indiana was the first Western state to mobilize for the United States in the war, and Indiana's soldiers participated in every major clash of the war. In northwest Indiana there are several ridges and sand dunes, some of which reach nearly 200 feet in height; most of them are found in Indiana Dunes National Park. The territory of Indiana was increased in 1816 with the addition of a strip of land that established the northern boundary between the territories of Indiana and Michigan and was reduced by ceding the territory of the upper peninsula to the territory of Michigan.
The ambitious development program of Indiana's founders was carried out when Indiana became the fourth largest state in terms of population, as measured by the 1860 census. It documents the formation of Indiana from the Northwest Territory, through various stages such as the Indiana Territory. During this time, many migrants who arrived in Indiana encountered violence against blacks and were forced to relocate due to Indiana's numerous sunset cities.
